Library and Academic Services: Sexual Violence Awareness -- Education, Prevention and Supports: 2SLGBTQIA+

Introduction

2SLGBTQIA+ Perspectives

Canadians who identify as 2SLGBTQIA+ are over three times more likely to experience physical or sexual assaults than persons who identify as heterosexual and cisgender. They are significantly more likely to experience inappropriate, unwanted sexual behaviours in public, online, or at work. In addition to these staggering figures, 2SLGBTQIA+ persons may face additional barriers in accessing medical, legal, and other supports following an incident of sexual violence.

The resources below have been assembled to highlight 2SLGBTQIA+ perspectives on sexual assault. These resources are included throughout the guide but have been consolidated here as well for ease of review.

Image source: Pixabay.com

Web-based Video Resources

LGBTQueering the Narrative of Sexual Violence | Paige Leigh Baker-Braxton | TEDxChicago

Dr. Baker-Braxton is also a Clinical Psychologist specializing in LGBT mental health and trauma Psy.D.was hired by Howard Brown Health to spearhead the development, implementation, and evaluation of the first LGBTQ-specific sexual assault response program in the nation: in.power*.

Trans Women Open Up About Their #MeToo Sexual Assault Experiences | them.
For all of the Hollywood #MeToo movement’s merits and virtues, there’s one major blind spot: How sexual assault and violence against trans women has been omitted from the conversation. Munroe Bergdorf and others talk assault, dating violence, how cis women can better include trans women, and how trans women (and the larger LGBTQ+ community) can help uplift each other’s voices.

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Reports, Papers and Articles

Canada: Discrimination and Violence against Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Women and Gender Diverse and Two Spirit People on the Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression (Egale)
The State party should ensure that its public policies and legislation related to gender and sexual-based violence are explicitly attentive to the heightened risks lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LBT) women, especially Indigenous women and women with multiple marginalized identities, as well as gender diverse and Two Spirit people face with regard to violence.
Jaffray, B (2020, September 9). Experiences of violent victimization and unwanted sexual behaviours among gay, lesbian, bisexual and other sexual minority people, and the transgender population, in Canada, 2018. Statistics Canada.
Gender-based violence includes all violence perpetrated against someone based on their gender identity, gender expression, or perceived gender. Research suggests that sexual minorities (those who stated their sexual orientation as lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, or otherwise not heterosexual) people experience violence at a greater prevalence than heterosexual people (Simpson 2018; Walters et al. 2013). This has also been noted among transgender (those whose assigned sex at birth was different from their current gender) people when compared to cisgender people.
Martin, S., Fisher, B., Warner, T., Krebs, C., & Lindquist, C. (2011). Women’s Sexual Orientations and Their Experiences of Sexual Assault Before and During University. Women’s Health Issues, 21(3), 199–205.
Self-reported responses on a web-based survey of 5,439 female undergraduates who participated in the Campus Sexual Assault study were analyzed to compare three groups: bisexuals, lesbians, and heterosexuals. Groups were compared in terms of the prevalence of sexual assault before and during university, and the extent to which sexual assault before university predicted sexual assault during university.
The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey 2010 Findings on Victimization by Sexual Orientation
Little is known about the national prevalence of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence among gay, lesbian, and bisexual women and men in the United States. Information at a national level focusing on these types of interpersonal violence based on the sexual orientation of U.S. adults has not been previously available. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) is an ongoing...
Rosenberg, K. (2019). Higher Prevalence of Sexual Assault Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adolescent Students. The American Journal of Nursing, 119(8), 49–50.
Transgender and gender nonbinary youths and adults are disproportionately likely to experience sexual violence. Researchers conducted a study to determine the 12-month prevalence of sexual assault in a large, geographically diverse sample of transgender and nonbinary middle and high school students. They also assessed whether school policies that restrict students from using restrooms and locker rooms that match their gender identity were associated with sexual assault rates.
Sexual minority people almost three times more likely to experience violent victimization than heterosexual people (Statistics Canada)
Gay, lesbian, bisexual and other sexual minority people in Canada were almost three times more likely than heterosexual Canadians to report that they had been physically or sexually assaulted in the previous 12 months in 2018 and more than twice as likely to report having been violently victimized since the age of 15. Sexual minority Canadians were also more than twice as likely as heterosexual Canadians to experience inappropriate sexual behaviours in public, online or at work in the previous 12 months, according to a new study.
Sexual violence & individuals who identify as LGBTQ - Research brief (NSVRC)
The publications below examine sexual violence — in the form of hate or bias-motivated crimes, intimate partner violence, childhood sexual abuse, and adult sexual assault — against victims who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ)
Ussher, J., Hawkey, A., Perz, J., Liamputtong, P., Sekar, J., Marjadi, B., Schmied, V., Dune, T., & Brook, E. (2020). Crossing Boundaries and Fetishization: Experiences of Sexual Violence for Trans Women of Color. Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Transgender (trans) women are at higher risk of sexual violence than cisgender women, with trans women of color reported to be at highest risk. This study examined subjective experiences of sexual violence for 31 trans women of color living in Australia, average age 29 (range 18–54), through in-depth interviews. An additional photovoice activity and follow-up interviews were completed by 19 women. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and feminist intersectionality theory...

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Library Resources

LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence: Lessons for Policy, Practice, and Research by Adam M. Messinger
Publication Date: 2017
Nationally representative studies confirm that LGBTQ individuals are at an elevated risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. While many similarities exist between LGBTQ and heterosexual-cisgender intimate partner violence, research has illuminated a variety of unique aspects of LGBTQ intimate partner violence regarding the predictors of perpetration, the specific forms of abuse experienced, barriers to help-seeking for victims, and policy and intervention needs. ...
Queering Sexual Violence: Radical Voices from Within the Anti-Violence Movement by Jennifer Patterson
Publication Date: 2016
Often pushed to the margins, queer, transgender and gender non-conforming survivors have been organizing in anti-violence work since the birth of the movement. Moving beyond dominant narratives and the traditional “violence against women” framework, the book is multi-gendered, multi-racial and multi-layered.
This book is not available through OneSearch, but you can request it through our Inter-Library Loan service.
Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence by Lori B. Girshick
Location: ebook
Publication Date: 2012
A woman raping another woman is unthinkable. This is not how women behave, society tells us. Our legal system is not equipped to handle woman-to-woman sexual assault, our women's services do not have the resources or even the words to reach out to its victims, and our lesbian and gay communities face hurdles in acknowledging its existence. Already dealing with complex issues related to their sexual identities, and frequently overwhelmed by shame, lesbian and bisexual survivors of such violence are among the most isolated of crime victims. ...
Written on the Body by L. Bean (Editor); D. Spade; N. Moon; A. Valdes; S. DeVuyst; L. Bailey (Contributors)
Publication Date: 2018
Written by and for trans and non-binary survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault, Written on the Body offers support, guidance and hope for those who struggle to find safety at home, in the body, and other unwelcoming places....
This book is not available through OneSearch, but you can request it through our Inter-Library Loan service.

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Recommended Websites

About Sexual Violence - LGBTQ (PCAR)
Sexual violence can happen to anyone and by anyone, however it is most often committed by people we know in places we are supposed to feel safe. Additionally, for people in LGBTQ communities, sexual violence may also be combined with acts of verbal and physical homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia. Sometimes people in LGBTQ communities are targeted specifically because of their identities.
LGBTQ Survivors of Sexual Violence (RAINN)
Sexual violence affects people of every gender identity, and sexual orientation. People who identify as part of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities also experience sexual violence, and may face different or additional challenges in accessing legal, medical, law enforcement or other resources than other populations.
Resources about Sexual Violence (FORGE)
An extensive list of resources on sexual violence on transgender and non-binary persons. Use the filter option on the left-side to filter by publication, webinar and more.
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FORGE reduces the impact of trauma on trans/non-binary survivors and communities by empowering service providers, advocating for systems reform, and connecting survivors to healing possibilities.
Resources for LGBTQ2S and non-binary survivors of violence (BWSS)
BWSS recognizes that despite its absence in common media and anti-violence information, same gender and same sex abuse is widespread and prevalent. It is a reality in our communities and may be confusing to identify. BWSS is committed to facing this reality and providing relevant services and support for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, queer, transgender, two-spirit, and non-binary survivors of violence.
Responding to Transgender Victims of Sexual Assault (OVC)
Statistics documenting transgender people's experience of sexual violence indicate shockingly high levels of sexual abuse and assault. One in two transgender individuals are sexually abused or assaulted at some point in their lives.1 Some reports estimate that transgender survivors may experience rates of sexual assault up to 66 percent, often coupled with physical assaults or abuse.2 This indicates that the majority of transgender individuals are living with the aftermath of trauma and the fear of possible repeat victimization.
Sexual Assault and the LGBTQ Community (HRC)
Sexual violence affects every demographic and every community – including LGBTQ people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), lesbian, gay, and bisexual people experience sexual violence at similar or higher rates than straight people. The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Projects (NCAVP) estimates that nearly one in ten LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) ...
Sexual Assault within the LGBTQ+ Community (UWO)
Sexual assault and interpersonal violence can exist in ANY relationship and impact ANY individual, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. Sexual assault may be used as a way to control and dominate another individual and this can be done regardless of the gender identities of the people involved. Remember that while this document focuses on binary genders, many individuals in the LGBTQ+ community who are experiencing gender violence are non-binary. While LGBTQ+ survivors of sexual assault experience the same concerns as any survivor, they also face unique challenges and need culturally-sensitive care.
Sexual Violence & Transgender / Nonbinary Communities Infographic (NSVRC)
This infographic highlights some of the ways sexual violence specifically impacts transgender and non-binary people. While the information in this infographic comes from research, it is important to keep in mind that trans and nonbinary people both contributed to the creation of this infographic and are part of our collective movement to end sexual violence
Transgender Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault (FORGE)
An extensive list of resources on sexual violence on transgender and non-binary persons.
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FORGE reduces the impact of trauma on trans/non-binary survivors and communities by empowering service providers, advocating for systems reform, and connecting survivors to healing possibilities.
Violence Against Trans and Non-Binary People (VAWNET)
Transgender individuals and communities experience shocking amounts of violence and discrimination. This section offers some information on the staggering rates of violence that trans and non-binary people face, although it should be noted that data is limited. In addition to experiencing high rates of domestic and sexual violence, trans and non-binary people are often the targets of transphobic hate crimes and state violence.

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